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===BASIC BANALITIES OF PHOTONS=== An absorbance spectrophotometer is a devices used to shine a specific wavelength of light through a sample, in order to divine the type and concentration of chemical species within the sample. How to get specific wavelengths of light? First, use a light source which contains many wavelengths, then filter the light or diffract the wavelengths spatially. Although fluorescence (ex: phosphors) can be used to increase the number of wavelengths, a mere filter or prism can only separate the types of light already within the source. More detail and extra notes in [[Light source]]s and [[Diffraction Grating]]s Because we want to use this for biotechnology applications, we can come up with some desired wavelengths: Proteins, for example, are quantifiable by the absorbance and/or fluorescence of tyrosine and tryptophan, which absorb ~280 nm and emit from 300-350 nm. Other interesting wavelengths include DNA (260 nm) NADH (460 nm), chlorophyll (680 / 700 nm) and a variety of chromogenic reagents which can indicate very low concentrations of heavy metals.
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